Egypt, and the other was the distinctiveness of the Jewish religion.55 The Jews differed from Syrians and Idumeans insofar as they were more numerous and successful, but also insofar as they were more cohesive and more resistant to assimilation. In the Ptolemaic period, when Jews enjoyed the favor of a king such as Philometor, they inevitably incurred the resentment both of opposing factions and of other groups in the king’s service.56 In the Roman period, the Jews resented the fact that they were
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